Halbach array yog ib qho kev npaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Lub array muaj ib tug spatial rotating qauv ntawm hlau nplaum uas tshem tawm ntawm lub teb ntawm ib sab, tab sis boosts nws nyob rau lwm yam. Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Halbach arrays yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog ntawm ib sab thaum tsim ib qho chaw me me ntawm sab nraud. Cov nyhuv no yog nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov sib nqus flux faib.
Strips ntawm ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv (cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua tau magnetized mus tas li) nrog alternating magnetizations yog ua ke xws li hais tias cov magnetic teb dlhos saum toj no lub dav hlau ntawm lub composite qauv, whilst hauv qab cov qauv cov teb nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia thiab tshem tawm. Ntau precisely, alternating Cheebtsam ntawm magnetization yog p/2 los yog 90otawm ntawm theem.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, qhia saum toj no, qhov superposition no yuav tsim ib qho chaw saum lub dav hlau uas yog ob zaug loj dua li cov qauv sib nqus sib nqus, thiab tsis muaj qhov hauv qab ntawm lub dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb cov ntaub ntawv zoo tagnrho yeej tsis tau pom thiab ib qho chaw me me yog tsim nyob rau hauv qab. Qhov kev npaj no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus tsis kawg los tsim cov array loj.
Cov qauv "ib-sab flux" no tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm John C. Mallinson hauv xyoo 1973, uas tau piav qhia lawv tias yog "kev xav paub" nrog lub peev xwm los txhim kho magnetic tape recording technology. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub peev xwm tiag tiag tsis tau paub txog txog thaum xyoo 1980s, thaum Berkley physicist Klaus Halbach nws tus kheej rov tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim sib nqus no thiab tsim Halbach arrays rau siv hauv cov khoom accelerators.Halbach tsim cov arrays siv cov khoom siv ferromagnetic cobalt los ua kom muaj zog sib nqus thiab ua kom pom tseeb. steering particle accelerator beams.
Halbach arrays tam sim no muaj ntau daim ntawv thov thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm Halbach arrays yog nyob rau hauv tub yees hlau nplaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib-sided flux zog yog exploited nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav boost lub tuav lub hwj chim ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov arrays sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus kuj tuaj yeem ua ke los tsim cov tshuab xauv yooj yim. Yog hais tias lub magnetizations ntawm cov pas nrig yog teem kom lub teb yog maximized saum lub dav hlau thiab minimized hauv qab no, lub flux confinement yuav flipped los ntawm rotating txhua tus pas nrig 90.o.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo dua ntawm Halbach array hauv kev nqis tes ua yog nyob rau hauv Maglev tsheb ciav hlau khiav lossis Inductrack, qhov chaw sib nqus levitation yog siv los txhawb nqa lub tsheb. Cov sib nqus arrays nqa lub tsheb ciav hlau me me saum toj ntawm txoj kev thiab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hnyav txog li 50 npaug ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm induction; Raws li cov array tau dhau los ntawm cov hlau khiav coils, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw sib nqus induces ib qhov hluav taws xob hauv kev khiav. Txoj kev khiav ces tsim nws tus kheej magnetic teb thiab, zoo ib yam li thaum koj sim thawb ob zoo li ncej ntawm bar hlau nplaum ua ke, thaum daim teb no dlhos nrog lub teb ua los ntawm Halbach array, repulsion ua rau lub tsheb ciav hlau levitate. Cov tsheb ciav hlau Maglev tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib txhuam uas ua rau cov tsheb ciav hlau qeeb qeeb thiab muaj peev xwm muab kev thauj mus los ceev. Qhov tseeb, Japanese SCMaglev lub tsheb ciav hlau, uas tau mus txog 361 mph hauv 2003, tam sim no tuav Guinness World Record rau kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev tshaj plaws.
Halbach arrays kuj tau siv rau hauv kev sim siab tshaj plaws xws li synchrotrons thiab dawb electron lasers (FELs), uas lawv hu ua Halbach 'wigglers'. FELs muaj qhov dav heev thiab muaj qhov sib txawv heev, thiab siv ntau yam kev siv xws li kev kho mob mus rau tub rog. Lub Halbach wiggler yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm FEL, qhov twg cov array's magnetic teb yog siv los ua ntu zus 'wiggle' ib nqaj ntawm cov khoom them (feem ntau yog electrons). Cov nyhuv wiggling ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kev taw qhia thiab yog li ntawd ib qho kev hloov hauv qhov acceleration ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua rau emission ntawm high siv synchrotron hluav taws xob (photons) thaum ua ke nrog ib tug sab nraud laser qhov chaw.
Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim Halbach lub tog raj kheej thiab cov nplhaib, qhov chaw sib nqus muaj zog hauv lub nplhaib lossis lub tog raj kheej tab sis tsis pom zoo sab nraud, lossis rov ua dua nyob ntawm qhov kev npaj ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov qauv no feem ntau yog siv rau brushless AC motors, qhov chaw uas ib txwm muaj kev stray teb tuaj yeem txo torque thiab efficiency. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias Halbach lub tog raj kheej muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lawv cov qauv, nrog yuav luag tag nrho cov flux nyob hauv nruab nrab, lawv muaj peev xwm zam qhov teeb meem no thiab tsim kom muaj zog dua.