Magnet Paub meej

Cov hlau nplaum yog ib yam khoom uas nyiam cov hlau thiab tsim cov hlau nplaum sab nraum nws. Cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim yog hais txog cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum, thiab cov hlau nplaum hauv qhov dav dav hais txog cov khoom lossis cov khoom siv uas siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum. Cov hlau nplaum ua cov hlau nplaum dipoles uas nyiam cov khoom ferromagnetic xws li hlau xws li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt. [1] Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus ncej hlau nplaum yog dai ib lub hlau nplaum nrog ib txoj hlua nyias. Cov ncej hlau nplaum taw rau sab qaum teb hu ua tus ncej qaum teb lossis N ncej, thiab ncej hlau nplaum taw rau sab qab teb yog hu ua tus ncej lossis S ncej. (Yog tias lub ntiaj teb xav tias yog cov hlau nplaum loj, ces lub ntiaj teb hlau nplaum sab qaum teb yog S ncej, thiab geomagnetic sab qab teb ncej yog N ncej. Tus taw qhia ncej thiab tus ntiv tes sab qaum teb yog sib nyiam, tus taw qhia ncej thiab tus ncej qhia tuav ib leeg, thiab tus ntiv tes sab qaum teb thiab tus ntiv tes sab qaum teb ntxeev ib leeg.
Cov hlau nplaum tau muab faib ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab cov hlau nplaum tsis ruaj khov. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tseem hu ua cov hlau nplaum ntuj, thiab cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tuaj yeem tsim tawm (cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws yog cov hlau nplaum neodymium). Cov hlau nplaum tsis ruaj khov tsuas yog sib nqus nyob rau hauv qee yam kev mob, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm electromagnets, uas siv hluav taws xob tam sim no los txhawb lawv cov magnetic teb.
Lub npe scientific ntawm hlau nplaum yog hlau nplaum, thiab hlau nplaum yog ib hom hlau nplaum.
Cov hlau nplaum yog tsim los ntawm nias ferric oxide hmoov nrog muab tub lim thiab khi. Qee cov hlau nplaum muaj zog hlau nplaum thiab muaj ntau dua Fe3O4, thaum lwm tus muaj cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog thiab muaj tsawg dua Fe3O4. Cov teeb meem feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov molecules, molecules yog tsim los ntawm atoms, thiab atoms yog tsim los ntawm nuclei thiab electrons. Nyob rau hauv ib lub atom, electrons tas li spinning ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab orbiting lub nucleus. Ob leeg ntawm no txav ntawm electrons tsim magnetism. Tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov khoom, cov electrons tsiv mus nyob rau hauv sib txawv kev taw qhia thiab yog chaotic, thiab cov magnetic cuam tshuam tshem tawm ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov tshuaj tsis sib nqus nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob.
Ferromagnetic tshuaj xws li hlau, cobalt, npib tsib xee, los yog ferrite yog txawv. Cov electron spins nyob rau hauv nws yuav ua tau spontaneously teem nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntau yam los tsim ib tug spontaneous magnetization cheeb tsam, uas yog hu ua ib tug sib nqus domain. Tom qab cov khoom siv ferromagnetic yog magnetized, cov khoom sib nqus sab hauv yog teem kom zoo thiab nyob rau tib qho kev taw qhia, uas ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau nplaum thiab tsim cov hlau nplaum. Cov txheej txheem hlau-absorbing ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog cov txheej txheem hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau thaiv. Cov hlau nplaum hlau thaiv thiab cov polarities sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsim kom muaj zog txaus nyiam, thiab cov hlau thaiv yog khov kho "sticked" rau cov hlau nplaum. Peb hais tias cov hlau nplaum yog hlau nplaum.